Agewise Broiler Brooder Temperature And Relative Humidity %---CHART
PREM BROILER POULTRY FARM
(VILLAGE…BASSI JALAL )
Tanda Urmur Distt.-Hoshiarpur Punjab 144203
Mob. 88721-50570, 98146-88520
Website - www.prempoultryfarm.com
Agewise Broiler Brooder Temperature And Relative Humidity %---CHART
****************************************
Age (days)
|
Temperature at chick height (°C)
| ||||
1
|
33
| ||||
2
|
33
| ||||
3
|
33
| ||||
4
|
32
| ||||
7
|
30
| ||||
14
|
26
| ||||
21
|
22
| ||||
28
|
20
| ||||
Age - days •
|
Relative
Humidity %
|
Temperature °C (F)
for chicks from 30
week old parent
flocks or younger
|
Temperature °C (F)
for chicks from 30
week old parent
flocks or older
•
| ||
0
|
30-50
|
34 (93)
|
33(91)
| ||
7
|
40-60
|
31 (88)
|
30(86)
| ||
14
|
40-60
|
27 (81)
|
27(81)
| ||
21
|
40-60
|
24 (75)
|
24(75)
| ||
28
|
50-70
|
21 (70)
|
21(70)
| ||
35
|
50-70
|
19 (66)
|
19(66)
| ||
42
|
50-70
|
18 (64)
|
18(64)
| ||
The Broiler Project-----Part 1
plastic or
visquine
to protect
broilers
from cold weather and wind. Also, broilers
can be raised successfully on the floor of a
shed or garage.
Broilers need some form of bedding or litter
to help keep them warm and to absorb
moisture. Wood shavings, sawdust or rice
hulls are good litter choices. The floor of the
broiler pen should be covered with a layer of
litter at least 3 to 4 inches deep. The caked
litter should be removed every day. Also, the
rest of the litter should be turned or stirred
up once a day to make it absorb more moisture
and last longer between changes.
Change the litter weekly, depending on the
dampness of the bedding.
Housing
Broilers need to be housed in a clean
and dry environment. The broiler pen
needs to have some form of protective
siding (such as 1-inch chicken wire), a
roof, ventilation, a form of heating
(brooders or heat lamps), and feeding
and watering equipment.
The site selected for broiler housing is
critical. The site should be high and, if
possible, the floor of the pen should be
at least 6 inches above ground level to
prevent flooding.
The broiler pen needs to be big enough
to provide 2 square feet of floor space
per bird, and the pen should be at least
36 to 48 inches in height. A roof is necessary
to protect the broilers from rain and
direct sunlight. The sides of the pen can
be made of wire that can be covered with
The Broiler Project
Raising broilers can be fun. Broiler projects are suitable for youth of all ages, from beginners
to those with many years of experience. Also, broiler projects are well suited for those
with limited space for housing animals. By following recommendations and setting up a
daily routine of care, young people can have a successful and rewarding show project.
The broiler project involves raising chicks from one day of age to market weight at 42 to 49
days of age. The broilers require some type of housing to provide protection from predators
and to create an environment to promote growth; however, the facilities and space for
broilers do not need to be expensive or elaborate. The primary objective of producing
broilers is to optimize growth, so 4-H’ers involved in the broiler project will need to be
concerned with the following: housing, brooding, heating, lighting, feeders and waterers,
feeds and feeding, and health.
1
Before Chick
Arrival
1. Clean and disinfect the
poultry house and
equipment (about two
weeks ahead).
2. Cover the dry floor with
litter (3-4 inches of
shavings, sawdust,
rice hulls).
3. Prepare and set up the
brooder guard (18
inches high).
4. Place feeders and
waterers in a circle
around the brooder.
5. Operate the brooder
for at least 24 hours
before chick arrival.
The temperature
should be set at 92-95
F, and the temperature
should be reduced 5
degrees each week
until the chicks are
three to four weeks
old, or use one 125-
watt bulb per 25
chicks.
6. Fill the feeders and
waterers a few hours
before the
chicks arrive.
Brooding
Broilers need a source of heat to keep them comfortable.
For the first week, the chick’s environment needs
to be in the range of 90 to 95 F. Reduce the temperature
gradually, five degrees each week, until the broilers
are three to four weeks old or until the pen temperature
is 70 F.
During the first week of brooding, a cardboard or tin
brooder guard (brooder circle) can be used to keep the
chicks near the heat source. The brooder guard should
be 18 inches tall. The diameter of the brooder guard
will depend on the number of chicks. For example, a
brooder guard for 50 chicks should have a minimum
diameter of 5 feet. When chicks are seven days old,
remove the brooder guard and allow chicks to move
around the entire pen.
Introduction--
The Cobb commitment to genetic improvement continues to increase the
performance
potential in all areas of broiler and broiler breeder production. However, to attain both genetic
potential and consistent flock production, it is important that the flock manager has a good
management program in place. The worldwide success of Cobb has provided considerable
controlled environment and open housing. This Cobb Broiler Management Guide is designed
to assist you in building your management program.
Management must not only meet the basic needs of the stock but must also be finely tuned to
benefit fully from the breed’s potential. Some of the guidelines may need to be adapted locally
according to your own experience with assistance from our technical team.
The Cobb Broiler Management Guide highlights critical factors that are most likely to
influence flock performance and is part of our technical information service, which includes
the Cobb Hatchery Guide, Technical Bulletins and a full range of performance charts. Our
recommendations are based on current scientific knowledge and practical experience around
the world. You should be aware of local legislation, which may influence the management
practice that you choose to adopt.
The Cobb Broiler Management Guide is intended as a reference and supplement to your
own flock management skills so that you can apply your knowledge and judgment to obtain
consistently good results with the Cobb family of products.
Revised 2012
COBB
COBB Broiler Management Guide
COBB
Contents
Page
1. Housing D esign 1-9
1.1 S tocking density 1
1.2 Key D esign requirements for curtain installation 2
1.3 Insulation 2
1.4 Brooding Chamber 3
1.5 E quipment 4
1.5.1 D rinker S ystems 4
1.5.2 Water Meters 5
1.5.3 Water S torage T anks 6
1.5.4 Feeding S ystems 7
1.5.5 Heating S ystems 8
1.5.6 Ventilation S ystems 9
2. House Preparation - Pre-Placement 10-14
2.1 Whole House 10
2.2 Partial House 10
2.3 Attraction Lights 10
2.4 Litter Management 11
2.4.1 Important Functions of Litter 11
2.4.2 Litter Alternatives 11
2.4.3 Litter E valuation 12
2.4.4 Minimum Litter R equirements 12
2.5 Pre-Placement Checklist 12
3. Chick Placement 15-17
3.1 Key Management R equirements 15
3.2 Chick Quality 15
3.3 Brooding Management 16
3.4 Internal chick temperature 17
3.5 Brooding Ventilation 17
4. Post-Placement of Chicks 18-19
4.1 Post-Placement Checklist 18
4.2 Post-Placement House Preparation E valuation 19
5. Growing Phrase 20-25
5.1 U niformity 20
5.2 T emperature 21
5.3 Lighting Programs 22
5.3.1 Key Points to consider when using a lighting program 23
5.3.2 T hree Lighting Programs 24
1) Lighting Program - Option 1: <2.0 kg (4.4 lb) 24
2) Lighting Program - Option 2: 2.0-3.0 kg (4.4-6.6 lb) 24
3) Lighting program - Option 3: >3.0 (6.6 lb) 25
5.4 Lighting Program Benefits 25
COBB Broiler Management Guide
COBB
Contents
Page
6. Ventilation Management 26-42
6.1 Minimum Ventilation 26
6.2 N egative Pressure - Key R equirement for Minimum Ventilation 28
6.3 Inlets 29
6.4 T ransitional Ventilation 31
6.5 T unnel Ventilation 32
6.6 E ffective T emperature 33
6.7 E vaporative Cooling 35
6.7.1 Pump Management 36
6.7.2 E vaporative Pad D esign 36
6.7.3 E vaporative Pad Management 37
6.7.4 E vaporative Pad R equirement Calculation 37
6.7.5 Common Ventilation Causes for Wet Litter and High Humidity 38
6.8 Fogging S ystems 38
6.9 N atural Ventilation 40
6.9.1 Management T echniques in Hot Conditions 40
6.9.2 Curtain Management T echniques 41
6.9.3 Curtain Ventilation T echniques 42
7. Water Management 43-47
7.1 Mineral Content 43
7.2 Microbial Contamination 43
7.3 Water S anitation and S ystem Cleanout 43
7.3.1 Flushing 44
7.3.2 Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) 44
7.3.3 pH 45
7.4 T otal D issolved S olids 45
7.5 D rinking S ystem Cleanout Between Flocks 46
7.6 Water T esting 47
8. N utrition Management 48-51
9. Catching Procedures 52-55
10. Bio-Security and Farm S anitation 56-59
10.1 Bio-Security 56
10.2 Farm S anitation 57
11. Bird Health 60-63
11.1 Vaccination 60
12. R ecord Keeping 64-65
13. Appendices 66-67
14. N otes 68
COBB Broiler Management Guide------ Part 2
1. HOUSE DES IGN
Conventional & Closed Environment
There are many things to consider when selecting the most suitable type of broiler housing
and related equipment. Though economic constraints are generally foremost, factors
such as equipment availability, after sales service and life of the products are also critical.
Housing should be cost effective, durable and provide a controllable environment.
When planning the construction of a broiler house, one should first select a well-drained
site that has plenty of natural air movement. The house should be oriented on an east-west
axis to reduce the effect of direct sunlight on the sidewalls during the hottest part of the day.
The main objective is to reduce the temperature fluctuation during any 24-hour period. Good
temperature control always enhances feed conversion and growth rate.
The following are the four key components of any new broiler house:
Correct stocking density is essential to the success of a broiler production system by
ensuring adequate room for optimal performance. In addition to the performance and profit
considerations, correct stocking density also has important welfare implications. To accurately
assess stocking density, factors such as climate, housing types, ventilation systems,
processing weight and welfare regulations must be taken into account. Incorrect stocking
density can lead to leg problems, scratching, bruising and mortality. Furthermore, litter integrity
will be compromised.
Thinning a portion of the flock is one approach to maintaining optimum bird density. In some
countries, a higher number of birds are placed in a house and reared to two different weight
targets. At the lower weight target, 20-50% of the birds are removed to satisfy sales in this
market segment. The remaining birds then have more space and are reared to a heavier weight.
Many different stocking densities are employed around the world. In warmer climates
a stocking density of 30 kg/m2 is closer to ideal. General recommendations are:
Roofing material should have a reflective surface on the outside to help reduce the
conduction of solar heat and should be well insulated.
Heating systems should have ample heating capacity in accordance with the climate.
Ventilation systems should be designed to provide ample oxygen and to maintain
optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions for the birds.
Lighting should be oriented to provide an even distribution of light at the floor level.
•
•
•
•
1.1 ST OCKING DENS ITY
House Type
Open Sided
Open Sided
Solid Wall
Solid Wall
Solid Wall
Natural
Positive Pressure
Cross Ventilation
Tunnel Ventilation
Tunnel Ventilation
Stir Fans
Side wall fans @ 60º
European Setup
Foggers
Evaporative Cooling
30 kg/m2 (6.2 lb/ft.2)
35 kg/m2 (7.2 lb/ft.2)
35 kg/m2 (7.2 lb/ft.2)
39 kg/m2 (8.0 lb/ft.2)
42 kg/m2 (8.6 lb/ft.2)
Ventilation Type Equipment MAXIMUM Stocking Density
COBB Broiler Management Guide
2 COBB
Key to maximizing bird performance is the provision of a consistent house environment.
Large fluctuations in house temperature will cause stress on the chick and affect feed
consumption. Furthermore, these fluctuations will result in additional energy expenditure to
maintain body temperature. This will help to conserve heating costs, reduce solar energy
penetration and prevent condensation.
The most important insulation requirements are in the roof. A well insulated roof will reduce
solar heat penetrating the house on warm days, thus decreasing the heat load on the birds.
In cold weather a well insulated roof will reduce heat loss and energy consumption needed
to maintain the correct environment for the chick during the brooding phase, the most
important time in the development of the chick.
The roof should be insulated to a minimum R-value of 20-25 (climate dependant).
1.2 KEY DES IGN RE QUIRE MENTS FOR CURT AIN INST ALLATION
1.3 INSU LATION
The top of the curtain must overlap a solid surface to prevent leaks; an overlap of at
least 15 cm (6 in.).
A 25 cm (10 in.) mini curtain installed on the outside of the house at eave height will
further prevent leaks over the top of the curtain.
The curtains should fit into an envelope which is a 25 cm (10 in.) mini curtain that seals
the curtain vertically on both ends.
Curtains should be triple hemmed.
Curtains need to be sealed at the base to prevent air leaks at floor level.
All holes and tears in sidewall and/or inlet curtains must be repaired.
Curtains work most efficiently if operating automatically using both temperature and
wind speed as criteria for opening and closing.
The optimum dwarf wall height is 0.50 m (1.6 ft.).
The roof overhang should be 1.25 m (4.1 ft.).
COBB Broiler Management Guide
COBB 3
The insulating ability of materials is measured in R-values. The higher the R value the
greater the insulating properties of the material. When selecting any insulation material,
cost per R-value rather than cost per thickness of material is the most important
consideration. Below are some insulating materials and their respective R-values.
Insulating materials and values:
U value - coefficient of heat transmission, a measure of the rate of non-solar heat loss
or gain through a material. U-values gauge how well a material allows heat to pass
through. U-value ratings generally fall between 0.20 and 1.20. The lower the U-value,
the greater a product’s resistance to heat flow and the better its insulating value. The
inverse of the U-value is the R-value.
The required roof R-value is 20 (SI metric 3.5) & U-value 0.05. This will help to conserve
heating costs, reduce solar energy penetration and prevent condensation.
In poorly insulated buildings, one can reduce temperature fluctuations by building a mini
tent inside the house. The mini tent is comprised of a false ceiling that runs from eave to
eave. This false ceiling will greatly reduce heat loss and make temperature control easier. A
second internal curtain one meter from the outside curtain needs to be installed. The internal
curtain will completely seal from the floor to the false ceiling at the eaves. This curtain must
open from the top and never from the bottom. The slightest air movement at floor level will
cause chilling on the chicks. This second curtain can be used for early ventilation.
Material R - Value per 2.5 cm (1”)
Polystyrene bead board
Blown in or fill: cellulose or glass
Batts or Blankets: fiberglass
Polystyrene: plain extruded
Polyurethane foam: “unfaced”
Average-R-3 per 2.5 cm
Average-R-3.2 per 2.5 cm
Average-R-3.2 per 2.5 cm
Average-R-5 per 2.5 cm
Average-R-6 per 2.5 cm
COBB Broiler Management Guide------ Part 2
1. HOUSE DES IGN
Conventional & Closed Environment
There are many things to consider when selecting the most suitable type of broiler housing
and related equipment. Though economic constraints are generally foremost, factors
such as equipment availability, after sales service and life of the products are also critical.
Housing should be cost effective, durable and provide a controllable environment.
When planning the construction of a broiler house, one should first select a well-drained
site that has plenty of natural air movement. The house should be oriented on an east-west
axis to reduce the effect of direct sunlight on the sidewalls during the hottest part of the day.
The main objective is to reduce the temperature fluctuation during any 24-hour period. Good
temperature control always enhances feed conversion and growth rate.
The following are the four key components of any new broiler house:
Correct stocking density is essential to the success of a broiler production system by
ensuring adequate room for optimal performance. In addition to the performance and profit
considerations, correct stocking density also has important welfare implications. To accurately
assess stocking density, factors such as climate, housing types, ventilation systems,
processing weight and welfare regulations must be taken into account. Incorrect stocking
density can lead to leg problems, scratching, bruising and mortality. Furthermore, litter integrity
will be compromised.
Thinning a portion of the flock is one approach to maintaining optimum bird density. In some
countries, a higher number of birds are placed in a house and reared to two different weight
targets. At the lower weight target, 20-50% of the birds are removed to satisfy sales in this
market segment. The remaining birds then have more space and are reared to a heavier weight.
Many different stocking densities are employed around the world. In warmer climates
a stocking density of 30 kg/m2 is closer to ideal. General recommendations are:
Roofing material should have a reflective surface on the outside to help reduce the
conduction of solar heat and should be well insulated.
Heating systems should have ample heating capacity in accordance with the climate.
Ventilation systems should be designed to provide ample oxygen and to maintain
optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions for the birds.
Lighting should be oriented to provide an even distribution of light at the floor level.
•
•
•
•
1.1 ST OCKING DENS ITY
House Type
Open Sided
Open Sided
Solid Wall
Solid Wall
Solid Wall
Natural
Positive Pressure
Cross Ventilation
Tunnel Ventilation
Tunnel Ventilation
Stir Fans
Side wall fans @ 60º
European Setup
Foggers
Evaporative Cooling
30 kg/m2 (6.2 lb/ft.2)
35 kg/m2 (7.2 lb/ft.2)
35 kg/m2 (7.2 lb/ft.2)
39 kg/m2 (8.0 lb/ft.2)
42 kg/m2 (8.6 lb/ft.2)
Ventilation Type Equipment MAXIMUM Stocking Density
COBB Broiler Management Guide
2 COBB
Key to maximizing bird performance is the provision of a consistent house environment.
Large fluctuations in house temperature will cause stress on the chick and affect feed
consumption. Furthermore, these fluctuations will result in additional energy expenditure to
maintain body temperature. This will help to conserve heating costs, reduce solar energy
penetration and prevent condensation.
The most important insulation requirements are in the roof. A well insulated roof will reduce
solar heat penetrating the house on warm days, thus decreasing the heat load on the birds.
In cold weather a well insulated roof will reduce heat loss and energy consumption needed
to maintain the correct environment for the chick during the brooding phase, the most
important time in the development of the chick.
The roof should be insulated to a minimum R-value of 20-25 (climate dependant).
1.2 KEY DES IGN RE QUIRE MENTS FOR CURT AIN INST ALLATION
1.3 INSU LATION
The top of the curtain must overlap a solid surface to prevent leaks; an overlap of at
least 15 cm (6 in.).
A 25 cm (10 in.) mini curtain installed on the outside of the house at eave height will
further prevent leaks over the top of the curtain.
The curtains should fit into an envelope which is a 25 cm (10 in.) mini curtain that seals
the curtain vertically on both ends.
Curtains should be triple hemmed.
Curtains need to be sealed at the base to prevent air leaks at floor level.
All holes and tears in sidewall and/or inlet curtains must be repaired.
Curtains work most efficiently if operating automatically using both temperature and
wind speed as criteria for opening and closing.
The optimum dwarf wall height is 0.50 m (1.6 ft.).
The roof overhang should be 1.25 m (4.1 ft.).
COBB Broiler Management Guide
COBB 3
The insulating ability of materials is measured in R-values. The higher the R value the
greater the insulating properties of the material. When selecting any insulation material,
cost per R-value rather than cost per thickness of material is the most important
consideration. Below are some insulating materials and their respective R-values.
Insulating materials and values:
U value - coefficient of heat transmission, a measure of the rate of non-solar heat loss
or gain through a material. U-values gauge how well a material allows heat to pass
through. U-value ratings generally fall between 0.20 and 1.20. The lower the U-value,
the greater a product’s resistance to heat flow and the better its insulating value. The
inverse of the U-value is the R-value.
The required roof R-value is 20 (SI metric 3.5) & U-value 0.05. This will help to conserve
heating costs, reduce solar energy penetration and prevent condensation.
In poorly insulated buildings, one can reduce temperature fluctuations by building a mini
tent inside the house. The mini tent is comprised of a false ceiling that runs from eave to
eave. This false ceiling will greatly reduce heat loss and make temperature control easier. A
second internal curtain one meter from the outside curtain needs to be installed. The internal
curtain will completely seal from the floor to the false ceiling at the eaves. This curtain must
open from the top and never from the bottom. The slightest air movement at floor level will
cause chilling on the chicks. This second curtain can be used for early ventilation.
Material R - Value per 2.5 cm (1”)
Polystyrene bead board
Blown in or fill: cellulose or glass
Batts or Blankets: fiberglass
Polystyrene: plain extruded
Polyurethane foam: “unfaced”
Average-R-3 per 2.5 cm
Average-R-3.2 per 2.5 cm
Average-R-3.2 per 2.5 cm
Average-R-5 per 2.5 cm
Average-R-6 per 2.5 cm
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